Lion's mane, reishi, cordyceps, chaga and shiitake mushroom supplement capsules sold in Ireland by Probiotic.ie

Mushroom Supplements in Ireland: Lion's Mane, Reishi, Cordyceps, Chaga and Shiitake Compared (Evidence Guide 2026)

Evidence Guide · Mushroom Supplements Ireland · September 2026

Lion's mane, reishi, cordyceps, chaga and shiitake are sold in Ireland as food supplements. The labels say "functional" or "medicinal", the marketing says a great deal more, and the human trial evidence is thinner than either suggests. This guide sets out what each species is, what the published trials measured, how to read an extract label, which forms are legal in the EU, and how the ten capsule products at Probiotic.ie compare.

At a Glance

Mushroom supplements are capsules, powders or extracts made from a named fungal species, most commonly lion's mane (Hericium erinaceus), reishi (Ganoderma lucidum), cordyceps (Cordyceps sinensis), chaga (Inonotus obliquus) and shiitake (Lentinula edodes). In Ireland they are food supplements regulated by the Food Safety Authority of Ireland (FSAI), not medicines, and no EU health claim has been authorised for any mushroom species or for fungal beta-glucans under Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. The strongest human signal is for lion's mane fruiting body in older adults: Mori et al. (Phytother Res, 2009, PMID 18844328) reported higher cognitive function scale scores versus placebo after 16 weeks in 30 adults with mild cognitive impairment, and Saitsu et al. (Biomed Res, 2019, PMID 31413233) reported improved MMSE scores at 12 weeks. Reishi has a well-run negative trial (Klupp et al., Sci Rep, 2016, n=84, no effect on any outcome) and chaga has no human efficacy trials at all, only case reports of oxalate-related kidney injury from months of high-dose raw powder. Whether any of these mushrooms does anything for a healthy adult taking a capsule a day has not been established. Probiotic.ie stocks ten mushroom capsule products across the five species, from €15.95 to €49.95 including 13.5% VAT, dispatched from Dublin.

Who This Guide Is For
  • Anyone in Ireland searching "lion's mane benefits", "reishi mushroom benefits" or "cordyceps benefits" who wants the trial evidence rather than the marketing.
  • Buyers trying to compare a "3000mg" product with a "600mg" product and finding the numbers make no sense.
  • People who have read about fruiting body versus mycelium and want to know why it matters legally in the EU.
  • Anyone considering chaga or turkey tail who should know the safety and regulatory position first.
  • Not for: anyone looking for a supplement to treat a diagnosed condition. That is a conversation with your GP.

Mushroom supplement definition: a food supplement made from the dried fruiting body, mycelium or extract of a named fungal species, sold in capsule, powder or liquid form to add compounds such as fungal polysaccharides (including beta-glucans), triterpenes or nucleosides to the diet at a quantity not normally reached by eating culinary mushrooms.

What is a mushroom supplement in Ireland?

A mushroom supplement in Ireland is a food supplement, usually a capsule, containing a dried or extracted form of a named mushroom species. It is regulated by the FSAI under EU food law, must be labelled as a food supplement, and is not a medicine. It is not a psychedelic product: none of these species contains psilocybin. The best human evidence exists for lion's mane fruiting body in older adults, where two small randomised trials reported improved cognitive test scores over 12 to 16 weeks (Mori 2009; Saitsu 2019). Cordyceps has one small trial reporting a higher metabolic threshold in older adults on a cycle test (Chen 2010), reishi has a larger trial showing no effect (Klupp 2016), and chaga and shiitake extracts have no human efficacy trials. Probiotic.ie stocks ten mushroom capsules across five species from €15.95, dispatched from Dublin with no customs charges.

In a hurry? The quick picks
Lion's mane, one capsule a day, stated beta-glucansOsavi Lion's Mane 600mgFruiting body extract DER 30:1 · min. 20% beta-glucans · 120 vegan capsules, 120 days
€22.95
✓ Buy →
Reishi with stated triterpenesOsavi Reishi 1000mgFruiting body extract DER 4:1 · min. 1% triterpenes · 120 vegan capsules, 60 days
€26.50
View →
Cordyceps sinensis, 60-day packOsavi Cordyceps 1200mgMycelium extract DER 3:1 · min. 7% cordycepic acid · 120 vegan capsules
€23.95
View →
Lowest entry price, whole mushroom powderSwanson Lion's Mane 500mgWhole fruiting body powder · 60 capsules · gelatine shell, not vegan
€15.95
View →
Compare all 10 mushroom supplements at Probiotic.ie →
Fast Facts — Mushroom Supplements
  • What they are: Capsules, powders or extracts of a named fungal species, sold as food supplements.
  • Main species sold in Ireland: Lion's mane, reishi, cordyceps, chaga, shiitake. Turkey tail is listed as a novel food in the EU catalogue and has no authorisation.
  • Part used: Fruiting body (the visible mushroom) or mycelium (the root-like network, often grown on grain). Not interchangeable, and the EU catalogue records them differently.
  • Marker compounds: Polysaccharides and beta-glucans (all species), triterpenes (reishi), cordycepic acid and adenosine (cordyceps), hericenones and erinacines (lion's mane).
  • Regulatory safe intake: None set. No EU Nutrient Reference Value and no EFSA-assessed intake level exists for any mushroom extract.
  • Typical human trial dose: Lion's mane 1.8 to 3 g/day dried fruiting body powder (Docherty 2023; Mori 2009); cordyceps Cs-4 999 mg/day (Chen 2010); reishi 3 g/day (Klupp 2016).
  • Are they psychedelic or a medicine? No. None of these species contains psilocybin, and the products discussed here are sold as food supplements, not authorised as medicines.
  • Vegetarian/vegan suitable? Nine of the ten products at Probiotic.ie use plant-based capsules. Swanson Lion's Mane uses gelatine.
  • Irish regulatory status: Food supplement under FSAI guidelines, not a medicine. No authorised EU health claim for any mushroom.
  • Irish VAT rate on supplements: 13.5%.
What Mushroom Supplements Are Not
  • They are food supplements, not medicines. No food supplement can lawfully claim to treat, prevent or cure any condition in Ireland.
  • They are not psychedelic. Lion's mane, reishi, cordyceps, chaga and shiitake contain no psilocybin and are unrelated to "magic mushrooms".
  • "Functional mushroom", "adaptogen" and "nootropic" are not legal categories in EU food law. They are marketing terms.
  • A bigger milligram number is not a stronger product. "3000mg" on a pack is often a dried-mushroom equivalent for a much smaller weight of extract.
  • The EU beta-glucan health claims do not apply to mushroom beta-glucans. They are authorised for oat and barley beta-glucans only.
  • No robust body of human evidence establishes a meaningful, long-term benefit from routine daily mushroom-capsule use in healthy adults. The positive trials are small, short and in specific groups.
Evidence Summary

What is well-supported: Lion's mane fruiting body improved cognitive test scores versus placebo in two small randomised trials in older adults (Mori et al., Phytother Res, 2009, n=30, 16 weeks; Saitsu et al., Biomed Res, 2019, 12 weeks), and cordyceps Cs-4 raised the metabolic threshold on a cycle test in one pilot trial of 20 older adults (Chen et al., J Altern Complement Med, 2010).

What is not proven: No mushroom supplement has been shown in human trials to improve memory, focus, immunity, energy or stress in healthy adults with routine daily use. Reishi showed no effect on any outcome in the largest trial (Klupp 2016, n=84), a cordyceps and reishi combination did not improve cognition in 96 young adults (Tsuk 2017), and chaga has no human efficacy trials.

Most relevant human dose range: Lion's mane 1.8 to 3 g/day of dried fruiting body powder; cordyceps Cs-4 333 mg three times daily; reishi 3 g/day. Extract capsules use different units and cannot be compared directly.

Key safety note: Chaga is high in oxalate; case reports link months of 10 to 15 g/day raw chaga powder to kidney injury (Kwon et al., Medicine, 2022). Anyone with a kidney condition, a history of kidney stones, a mushroom allergy, or who is pregnant, breastfeeding or on medication should speak to a GP or pharmacist first.

Feature Specification Evidence Level
Lion's mane and cognitive test scores Two small RCTs in older adults, 12 to 16 weeks, fruiting body powder Small RCTs, single-country, industry involvement
Lion's mane in healthy young adults Faster Stroop task 60 min after a single 1.8 g dose; no clear 28-day effect (Docherty 2023, n=41) Pilot RCT, acute effect only
Cordyceps and exercise threshold Metabolic threshold up 10.5% at 12 weeks in 20 older adults; VO2max unchanged (Chen 2010) Single pilot RCT
Reishi and metabolic markers No effect on any primary or secondary outcome, 3 g/day, 16 weeks, n=84 (Klupp 2016) Negative RCT
Shiitake and immune markers Changed lab immune markers after 4 weeks of 5 to 10 g/day whole dried mushroom (Dai 2015); no clinical outcome measured Biomarker trial, whole food not extract
Chaga efficacy in humans No randomised human trials; preclinical only No human evidence
Hericenones and erinacines (NGF) Cell and animal studies only Preclinical
EU health claims for any mushroom None authorised under Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 No claim permitted
Irish regulatory status Food supplement under FSAI; not a medicine; fruiting body of lion's mane, reishi, shiitake and C. sinensis and chaga not novel; 13.5% VAT Confirmed
Research Context — Not Product Claims

The clinical and mechanistic research discussed in this article relates to lion's mane, reishi, cordyceps, chaga and shiitake as studied species and, in most cases, to specific preparations that differ from retail products. It should not be read as a claim that Osavi Lion's Mane 600mg or any other product sold by Probiotic.ie produces these effects. These products are food supplements, not medicines. No authorised EU health claim is currently made for any mushroom on this page or on any product.

Osavi Lion's Mane 600mg — 120 Vegan Capsules

Lion's mane fruiting body extract, DER 30:1, standardised to a minimum 40% polysaccharides of which a minimum 20% beta-glucans. One capsule a day gives a 120-day supply. Plant-based HPMC capsule.

Fruiting body extract DER 30:1 Min. 20% beta-glucans 1 capsule a day Vegan capsule Dispatched from Dublin
✓ Buy Osavi Lion's Mane 600mg →

€22.95 including Irish VAT at 13.5%. Food supplement, not a medicine. Tracked DPD delivery nationwide, free on Irish orders over €75. Authorised Irish retailer for Osavi.

Section 1 · Definitions

What mushroom supplements are, and what "functional mushroom" means

A mushroom supplement is a food supplement made from a named fungal species. In Ireland the most commonly sold species are lion's mane (Hericium erinaceus), reishi (Ganoderma lucidum), cordyceps (Cordyceps sinensis, also classified as Ophiocordyceps sinensis), chaga (Inonotus obliquus) and shiitake (Lentinula edodes). Each is a different organism with a different chemical profile, a different history of use and a different body of research.

The phrase "functional mushrooms" has no legal meaning in Irish or EU food law. Neither does "medicinal mushrooms", "adaptogen" or "nootropic". These are marketing categories. Under Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006, no health claim has been authorised for any mushroom species, mushroom extract or fungal beta-glucan, so a label cannot lawfully say a mushroom supports immunity, focus, energy or stress.[11]

What separates one product from another is not the adjective on the front. It is the species, the part of the fungus used, whether the material is an extract or a whole powder, the extraction ratio, and the standardisation figure on the label. That is what this guide compares, and it is what the mushroom supplements collection sets out product by product.

30
Participants in the most-cited lion's mane trial (Mori 2009)
84
Adults in the largest reishi RCT, no effect found (Klupp 2016)
10.5%
Rise in metabolic threshold on cordyceps Cs-4, 12 weeks (Chen 2010)
0
EU-authorised health claims for any mushroom (Reg. 1924/2006)
Section 2 · Reading the label

Fruiting body vs mycelium, extract vs powder, and reading a label

Fruiting body or mycelium

The fruiting body is the mushroom you can see and would eat. The mycelium is the thread-like network the fungus grows from. Many supplement mycelium products are cultivated on a grain such as rice or oats and sold as myceliated grain biomass, so residual grain forms part of the finished powder. Others use mycelium harvested or extracted separately from its substrate. The label or certificate of analysis should tell you which. Either way, fruiting body and mycelium are different raw materials and are not interchangeable milligram for milligram.

The distinction also matters legally. The EU Novel Food Status Catalogue records status by species and by part, and the Commission describes it as non-binding guidance rather than an authorisation register. It records lion's mane and reishi fruiting body and their aqueous extracts as not novel, and dehydrated mycelium powder of either species as novel, which means pre-market authorisation is required unless the operator can document significant EU consumption before 15 May 1997.[10] Cordyceps is the exception. Wild Cordyceps sinensis is scarce and cultivated mycelium is the standard commercial source, and it is listed as not novel in food supplements.

Extract or whole powder

A whole powder is dried, milled mushroom at its natural strength. An extract is concentrated from a larger weight of raw material, usually with hot water, alcohol or both. Neither is better by default. An extract lets the manufacturer state a guaranteed content of named compounds; a whole powder does not. Of the ten products at Probiotic.ie, Swanson Lion's Mane is a whole powder and the other nine are extracts.

What DER means

DER is the drug extract ratio printed on the label: the weight of dried raw material used against the weight of finished extract. At DER 10:1, ten parts of dried mushroom produced one part of extract, so 800 mg of a 10:1 extract comes from about 8 g of dried mushroom. The ratio describes concentration only. Two extracts at the same ratio can differ in content depending on the extraction method, so compare the standardisation figures as well.

Headline milligrams and "equivalent" figures

Some packs print a raw-mushroom equivalent on the front, for example "3000mg", while the capsules contain a much smaller weight of extract. Others print the extract weight. Wiseshrooms Organic Lion's Mane 3000mg contains 250 mg of a 12:1 extract per three-capsule serving, which is where the 3,000 mg equivalent comes from. Osavi Lion's Mane 600mg contains 600 mg of a 30:1 extract in one capsule, manufactured from approximately 18 g of starting dried mushroom. Both labels are legitimate, and neither figure is a measure of nutritional or clinical equivalence to eating that weight of whole mushroom. It is an extraction input ratio. The two products cannot be compared by the front-of-pack number.

Beta-glucans, polysaccharides and other markers

Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates from fungal cell walls. Beta-glucans are a subgroup of them, so a beta-glucan figure sits inside the polysaccharide figure rather than adding to it. Triterpenes are a separate group of compounds found in reishi. Cordycepic acid is another name for D-mannitol, a sugar alcohol measured in cordyceps. These figures confirm identity and batch consistency. They are composition data, not a measure of any effect.

One point catches many buyers out. The EU has authorised health claims for beta-glucans, but only for beta-glucans from oats and barley at a stated minimum intake. Those claims do not apply to beta-glucans from mushrooms, and no mushroom beta-glucan claim has been authorised.[11]

🧠

Hericenones and erinacines (lion's mane)

Small molecules found in the fruiting body (hericenones) and mycelium (erinacines) that are proposed to stimulate nerve growth factor synthesis in cell and animal studies. No human trial has measured NGF change from a retail product.

Evidence level: preclinical
🧱

Fungal beta-glucans (all species)

Cell-wall polysaccharides that are thought to interact with immune receptors such as dectin-1 in laboratory models. In humans, whole shiitake changed immune cell markers over 4 weeks (Dai 2015) without measuring any clinical outcome.

Evidence level: preclinical, one human biomarker trial
🍄

Triterpenes (reishi)

Ganoderic acids and related compounds that give reishi its bitter taste. Proposed to influence several signalling pathways in cell studies. The one large human trial of reishi found no effect on the metabolic outcomes it measured (Klupp 2016).

Evidence level: preclinical; negative human trial on metabolic outcomes
🚴

Cordycepic acid and adenosine (cordyceps)

D-mannitol and nucleosides used as identity markers for cordyceps. The Cs-4 mycelium preparation was associated with a higher metabolic threshold in one 12-week pilot RCT of older adults, with no change in VO2max (Chen 2010).

Evidence level: one small human RCT
🌳

Betulinic acid and melanins (chaga)

Chaga grows on birch and concentrates betulin-derived compounds and dark melanin pigments. All activity data come from cell and animal work. There are no randomised human trials of chaga for any outcome.

Evidence level: preclinical only
🍜

Lentinan and eritadenine (shiitake)

Lentinan is a shiitake beta-glucan and eritadenine a nucleoside studied in animals. The human trial (Dai 2015) used whole dried mushroom, not an extract, so its findings do not transfer directly to a capsule.

Evidence level: preclinical, one human whole-food trial
Section 3 · Lion's mane

Lion's mane: what the human trials show

Lion's mane (Hericium erinaceus) is the most searched mushroom supplement in Ireland by a wide margin, and it is the one with the most human data. That data is still small: four randomised trials that between them enrolled fewer than 150 people. Lion's mane is a white, shaggy edible mushroom that grows on hardwood trees in Europe, Asia and North America, and it is sold in Ireland as a food supplement, not a medicine.[11]

The most-cited trial is Mori et al. (Hokuto Corporation and Tohoku University, Phytother Res, 2009, PMID 18844328). Thirty Japanese adults aged 50 to 80 with mild cognitive impairment were randomised to four 250 mg tablets of 96% dried lion's mane fruiting body three times a day, 3 g/day in total, or placebo for 16 weeks. The lion's mane group scored higher on a cognitive function scale based on the Revised Hasegawa Dementia Scale at weeks 8, 12 and 16. Four weeks after supplementation stopped, the scores had fallen back.[1] The trial was run by a mushroom producer, enrolled 15 people per arm, and has not been replicated at scale.

Saitsu et al. (Kindai University and Kyushu University, Biomed Res, 2019, PMID 31413233) ran a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of fruiting body supplements for 12 weeks in older adults. Of three cognitive tests, only the Mini Mental State Examination showed a significant improvement versus placebo. The Benton visual retention test and a verbal paired-associate learning test did not.[2]

The only trial in healthy young adults is Docherty, Doughty and Smith (Northumbria University, Nutrients, 2023, PMID 38004235). Forty-one adults aged 18 to 45 took 1.8 g of lion's mane or placebo. Sixty minutes after a single dose, the lion's mane group completed a Stroop task faster (p=0.005). After 28 days of daily use there was no clear cognitive difference, with only a trend toward lower self-rated stress. The authors describe it as a pilot and the findings as tentative.[3]

For mood, Nagano et al. (Kyushu University, Biomed Res, 2010, PMID 20834180) gave 30 women lion's mane in cookies or placebo cookies for four weeks and reported lower scores on self-rated mood questionnaires in the lion's mane group.[4] It is a small, short, single-site trial with subjective outcomes, and it does not support any claim on a product label.

RCT · n=30 · 16 weeks

Lion's mane and cognitive scores in older adults

Dried fruiting body tablets, 3 g/day, versus placebo in 30 adults aged 50 to 80 with mild cognitive impairment. Higher cognitive function scale scores at weeks 8, 12 and 16 in the lion's mane group; scores declined within four weeks of stopping. Run by a mushroom producer.

Mori K, Inatomi S, Ouchi K, Azumi Y, Tuchida T. Phytother Res. 2009;23(3):367-372. PMID 18844328.

Pilot RCT · n=41 · acute effect only

Lion's mane in healthy young adults

1.8 g lion's mane or placebo in 41 adults aged 18 to 45. Faster Stroop task performance 60 minutes after a single dose (p=0.005). No clear cognitive change after 28 days; a trend toward lower subjective stress. Described by the authors as tentative.

Docherty S, Doughty FL, Smith EF. Nutrients. 2023;15(22):4842. PMID 38004235.

What these trials do not show is as important as what they do. None enrolled healthy adults for longer than 28 days. None used the extract capsule formats sold in Ireland. None reported a clinical outcome that a person would notice in daily life. The phrase "lion's mane benefits" in a search bar is doing far more work than the data can carry. For a fuller comparison of the four lion's mane products stocked in Ireland, see the lion's mane collection.

Section 4 · Reishi

Reishi: triterpenes, spores and a well-run negative trial

Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum, lingzhi in Chinese) is a woody, bitter bracket fungus with a long history in East Asian traditional use. It is not a culinary mushroom. Reishi extracts are standardised to polysaccharides and beta-glucans, and often to triterpenes, the bitter ganoderic acids specific to this species. Some products add shell-broken spore powder, which is the reproductive spore with its hard outer wall cracked.

The largest and best-designed human trial is Klupp et al. (Western Sydney University, Sci Rep, 2016, PMC4980683). Eighty-four adults with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome were randomised to 3 g/day of reishi, reishi plus cordyceps, or placebo for 16 weeks. The combined intervention had no effect on any primary or secondary outcome: HbA1c difference 0.13% (p=0.60), fasting glucose difference 0.03 mmol/L (p=0.95). There was also no increase in adverse events.[6]

The authors also reviewed earlier positive trials and found their methods poorly reported with a high potential for bias. That is the honest state of the reishi evidence: a large, clean negative trial and a scatter of small positive ones that do not meet modern reporting standards. Nothing on a reishi label in Ireland can lawfully claim an effect, and nothing in the trial data would support one if it could.

Negative RCT · n=84 · 16 weeks

Reishi showed no effect on any measured outcome

3 g/day Ganoderma lucidum, with or without Cordyceps sinensis, versus placebo in 84 adults with metabolic syndrome. No effect on HbA1c (p=0.60), fasting glucose (p=0.95) or any secondary outcome. No excess adverse events.

Klupp NL, Kiat H, Bensoussan A, Steiner GZ, Chang DH. Sci Rep. 2016;6:29540. PMC4980683.

Two reishi products are stocked at Probiotic.ie. Osavi Reishi 1000mg is a fruiting body extract at DER 4:1 standardised to a minimum 1% triterpenes. Life Extension Reishi Extract Mushroom Complex combines 980 mg of fruiting body extract at 6% triterpenes with 150 mg of shell-broken spore. The triterpene figure is the one to compare, because it is specific to reishi and confirms the extract was made from the right species.

Section 5 · Cordyceps

Cordyceps: sinensis vs militaris, and the exercise evidence

Cordyceps is the second most searched mushroom supplement in Ireland, and it comes with a regulatory trap. There are two commercially relevant species. Cordyceps sinensis (now classified as Ophiocordyceps sinensis) is the Himalayan caterpillar fungus; wild specimens are scarce and expensive, so nearly all supplements use fermented mycelium. Cordyceps militaris is a different, orange species that is easier to cultivate and is common in US products.

In the EU, Cordyceps sinensis mycelium and fruiting body are listed as not novel for use in food supplements. Cordyceps militaris is listed as novel in all forms and needs authorisation before it can be sold.[10] Both cordyceps products at Probiotic.ie use C. sinensis mycelium. A cordyceps product bought from outside the EU may well be militaris.

The human evidence rests mainly on one pilot trial. Chen et al. (UCLA Center for Human Nutrition, J Altern Complement Med, 2010, PMID 20804368) randomised 20 healthy adults aged 50 to 75 to 333 mg of the Cs-4 fermented mycelium preparation three times a day or placebo for 12 weeks. On a cycle ergometer test the metabolic threshold rose 10.5% in the cordyceps group (p<0.02) and the ventilatory threshold rose 8.5%. VO2max, the standard measure of aerobic capacity, did not change in either group.[5]

For cognition, the evidence is negative. Tsuk et al. (Wingate Institute, Int J Med Mushrooms, 2017, PMID 29199566) randomised 96 healthy physical education students to a high dose, low dose or placebo of a commercial Cordyceps sinensis and reishi supplement for 30 days and found no enhancement of cognitive function across nine computerised tests.[7]

Pilot RCT · n=20 · 12 weeks

Cordyceps Cs-4 and exercise threshold in older adults

999 mg/day of fermented C. sinensis mycelium (Cs-4) versus placebo. Metabolic threshold up 10.5% (p<0.02), ventilatory threshold up 8.5%. No change in VO2max. Ten people per arm.

Chen S, Li Z, Krochmal R, Abrazado M, Kim W, Cooper CB. J Altern Complement Med. 2010;16(5):585-590. PMID 20804368.

Negative RCT · n=96 · 30 days

Cordyceps and reishi did not improve cognition in young adults

Commercial O. sinensis plus G. lucidum supplement at two doses versus placebo in 96 physical education students. No enhancement on any of nine computerised cognitive domains after 30 days.

Tsuk S, Lev YH, Rotstein A, et al. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2017;19(8):667-673. PMID 29199566.

Osavi Cordyceps 1200mg is a DER 3:1 C. sinensis mycelium extract standardised to a minimum 7% cordycepic acid, two capsules a day for 60 days. Doctor's Best Ultra Cordyceps 750mg is a fermented mycelium extract at a minimum 8% cordycepic acid and 0.28% adenosine, one capsule a day for 60 days. Neither is the Cs-4 preparation used in the Chen trial, and neither claims to be.

Section 6 · Chaga and shiitake

Chaga and shiitake: the evidence gap and a safety note

Chaga

Chaga (Inonotus obliquus) is not a mushroom in the usual sense but a hard, black, charcoal-like mass that grows on birch trees in cold northern forests. It has a long history as a tea in Russia and Scandinavia. Every activity claim made for chaga comes from cell culture or animal studies. There are no randomised human trials of chaga for any outcome, and there is no human dose that has been tested for efficacy.

What does exist in the human literature is a safety signal. Chaga is very high in oxalate. Kwon et al. (Keimyung University, Medicine, 2022, PMID 35451393) describe a 69-year-old man who took 10 to 15 g of chaga powder a day with vitamin C for three months and developed acute kidney injury with calcium oxalate crystals in the kidney tubules. The authors cite an earlier Japanese case (Kikuchi et al., Clin Nephrol, 2014) in which a woman needed dialysis after prolonged chaga use.[9]

These reports involved raw chaga powder at doses ten times higher than a typical extract capsule, taken for months. They do not show that a 1 g extract capsule causes harm. They do show that chaga is not the benign herbal tea it is marketed as, that the oxalate content of extracts is not stated on labels, and that anyone with a history of kidney stones or kidney disease should talk to a GP before taking chaga in any form.

Case report · safety

Chaga and oxalate-related kidney injury

A 69-year-old man took 10 to 15 g/day of chaga powder plus 500 mg vitamin C for three months and developed acute kidney injury with calcium oxalate deposits on biopsy. The authors note chaga's extremely high oxalate content and cite an earlier dialysis case from Japan.

Kwon O, Kim Y, Paek JH, et al. Medicine (Baltimore). 2022;101(10):e28997. PMID 35451393.

Shiitake

Shiitake (Lentinula edodes) is the one species on this page that most people have already eaten. It is a mainstream culinary mushroom, which is why its fruiting body has never been in question as a novel food in the EU. The supplement interest comes from lentinan, a shiitake beta-glucan, and from a whole-food trial run at the University of Florida.

Dai et al. (University of Florida, J Am Coll Nutr, 2015, PMID 25866155) had 52 healthy adults aged 21 to 41 eat either 5 g or 10 g of whole dried shiitake a day for four weeks and measured immune cell markers in blood and saliva. Several markers changed, including secretory IgA and C-reactive protein.[8] The trial measured laboratory markers, not whether anyone caught fewer colds, and it used 5 to 10 g/day of whole dried mushroom eaten as food, not a concentrated capsule extract. Its biomarker findings cannot be assumed to apply to a shiitake supplement capsule, it does not support an immune claim for one, and no such claim is authorised in the EU.

One safety point is worth knowing. Raw or undercooked shiitake can cause a distinctive whip-like skin rash known as shiitake dermatitis, attributed to lentinan. It is associated with eating the raw mushroom rather than with cooked shiitake or with extract capsules.

Biomarker RCT · n=52 · whole food

Whole shiitake and immune markers

5 g or 10 g/day of whole dried shiitake for four weeks in 52 healthy adults. Changes in immune cell proliferation, salivary IgA and serum CRP. No clinical outcome measured; whole mushroom used, not an extract.

Dai X, Stanilka JM, Rowe CA, et al. J Am Coll Nutr. 2015;34(6):478-487. PMID 25866155.

Limitation

What the mushroom evidence base is missing

Across all five species there is no randomised trial longer than 16 weeks, no trial in healthy adults longer than 30 days, no trial using the extract capsule formats sold in Ireland, and no independent replication of the positive lion's mane results. The trials that exist are small (10 to 48 per arm), mostly single-country, and in several cases run or funded by producers. That is the evidence a buyer in Ireland is working with.

Section 7 · Turkey tail

Turkey tail: why it is not on sale in Ireland

Turkey tail (Trametes versicolor, formerly Coriolus versicolor) is the third most searched mushroom in Ireland after lion's mane and cordyceps, and it is the one you will not find on a compliant Irish shelf. It is a common bracket fungus with banded, fan-shaped caps that grow on dead hardwood, including across Irish woodland. Growing here does not make it legal to sell here.

The EU Novel Food Status Catalogue lists Trametes versicolor as a novel food. Novel foods require authorisation under Regulation (EU) 2015/2283 before they can be placed on the EU market, and no authorisation has been granted for turkey tail.[10] The catalogue is non-binding guidance, and some mushroom industry bodies dispute the entry on the grounds that turkey tail was consumed in the EU before May 1997, but the entry has not been changed and the burden of proving prior consumption sits with the seller. In Ireland the FSAI is the competent authority for novel food questions. Probiotic.ie does not stock turkey tail because of this regulatory position.

Turkey tail products bought from US or UK websites are outside Irish food law. Since 1 July 2026, orders from outside the EU also carry a €3 customs charge per distinct item in addition to VAT, which Revenue describes as applying per distinct product type (see our customs charges Ireland page). If the regulatory position changes, this guide will be updated.

Section 8 · Product comparison

Comparing the ten mushroom supplements at Probiotic.ie

The figures below are taken from each product's label and use the manufacturer's recommended daily serving. Prices include Irish VAT at 13.5% and were checked on 15 September 2026. "Days per pack" is capsule count divided by capsules per day. The row highlighted in green is the product that gives the longest supply per pack.

Product Species and material Per daily serving Label standardisation Caps/day Days Vegan Price
Osavi Lion's Mane 600mg Lion's mane fruiting body extract, DER 30:1 600 mg extract Min. 40% polysaccharides, min. 20% beta-glucans 1 120 Yes €22.95
KIKI Health Organic Lion's Mane Extract Organic lion's mane fruiting body, hot water extract 15:1 to 17:1 800 to 1,600 mg extract 50% beta-glucan-rich polysaccharides 2 to 4 15 to 30 Yes €36.95
Wiseshrooms Organic Lion's Mane 3000mg Organic lion's mane fruiting body extract, 12:1 250 mg extract (3,000 mg dried equivalent) 30% polysaccharides 3 30 Yes €19.95
Swanson Lion's Mane 500mg Lion's mane whole fruiting body powder (not extracted) 1,000 mg powder Not standardised 2 30 No (gelatine) €15.95
Osavi Reishi 1000mg Reishi fruiting body extract, DER 4:1 1,000 mg extract Min. 40% polysaccharides, min. 25% beta-glucans, min. 1% triterpenes 2 60 Yes €26.50
Life Extension Reishi Extract Mushroom Complex Reishi fruiting body extract plus shell-broken spore 980 mg extract + 150 mg spore 13.5% polysaccharides, 6% triterpenes (extract) 2 30 Yes €49.95
Osavi Cordyceps 1200mg Cordyceps sinensis mycelium extract, DER 3:1 1,200 mg extract Min. 7% cordycepic acid 2 60 Yes €23.95
Doctor's Best Ultra Cordyceps 750mg Fermented Cordyceps sinensis mycelium extract 750 mg extract Min. 8% cordycepic acid, 0.28% adenosine 1 60 Yes €28.50
Osavi Chaga 1000mg Chaga extract, labelled fruiting body, DER 10:1 1,000 mg extract Min. 40% polysaccharides, min. 30% beta-glucans 2 60 Yes €24.95
Osavi Shiitake 800mg Shiitake fruiting body extract, DER 10:1 800 mg extract Min. 40% polysaccharides, incl. min. 160 mg beta-glucans 2 60 Yes €23.95

Beta-glucans are part of the polysaccharide figure, not an extra amount on top. No EU Nutrient Reference Value exists for any mushroom extract, so no %NRV applies. Always check the label on the pack you receive.

Mushroom coffee, gummies and powders

"Mushroom coffee" is searched around 480 times a month in Ireland, and the format is worth a comparison. A capsule from a reputable brand states the species, the part used, the extract weight per serving, the extraction ratio and a standardisation figure. Many mushroom coffee, gummy and blended-powder products state a species name but not the extract weight or ratio per serving. Without those figures the dose cannot be compared with a capsule or with the doses used in any human trial. If a mushroom coffee does not state the mg of extract per cup, it is a flavoured coffee. Plain mushroom powders sold by weight are comparable with capsules only if they state whether the powder is whole mushroom or extract.

Section 9 · Dosage and safety

Dosage, timing, side effects and interactions

How much to take

There is no official recommended intake for any mushroom supplement and no EFSA-assessed safe intake level. The published trials used 1.8 to 3 g/day of dried lion's mane fruiting body powder[1][3], 999 mg/day of cordyceps Cs-4[5] and 3 g/day of reishi.[6] Those are powder doses. Extract capsules are more concentrated, so their milligram figures are not comparable, and no trial has established an equivalent extract dose. Follow the label of the product you buy and do not exceed the stated daily amount.

When to take it

No human trial has compared morning with evening dosing. Mori 2009 used three doses a day with meals; Docherty 2023 tested a morning dose. None of these mushrooms contains caffeine. Most labels, including all ten products at Probiotic.ie, advise taking capsules with or after food.

How long before anything happens

60 minutes after a single dose

Faster Stroop task performance in healthy young adults after 1.8 g lion's mane (Docherty 2023). A laboratory measure, not something a person would notice.

4 weeks

Lower self-rated mood questionnaire scores in 30 women (Nagano 2010); no clear cognitive change in healthy adults at 28 days (Docherty 2023); no cognitive change on cordyceps plus reishi at 30 days in 96 young adults (Tsuk 2017).

12 weeks

Improved MMSE score in older adults on lion's mane fruiting body (Saitsu 2019); higher metabolic threshold on cordyceps Cs-4 in older adults (Chen 2010).

16 weeks

Higher cognitive scale scores in older adults on 3 g/day lion's mane (Mori 2009), lost within four weeks of stopping; no effect of 3 g/day reishi on any outcome (Klupp 2016).

Side effects

In the trials above, adverse events were mild and did not differ meaningfully from placebo, with the caveat that the trials were small and short. Digestive upset is the most commonly reported complaint with mushroom powders. Allergic reactions are possible in anyone sensitive to mushrooms, and isolated case reports of hypersensitivity reactions to lion's mane extract exist. Raw shiitake can cause shiitake dermatitis. Chaga carries the oxalate concern described above.[9]

Who should talk to a GP or pharmacist first

Anyone who is pregnant or breastfeeding (several products in this range are labelled not for use in pregnancy), anyone taking prescribed medication, anyone with a kidney condition or a history of kidney stones (chaga in particular), anyone with a known mushroom allergy, and anyone awaiting surgery. Some mushroom extracts are reported in laboratory studies to affect platelet function and blood glucose; those findings have not been confirmed in humans, but they are a reason for caution alongside anticoagulant or glucose-lowering medication. These products are for adults aged 18 and over.

Section 10 · Ireland

Mushroom supplements in Ireland: legal status, FSAI, VAT and where to buy

In Ireland, mushroom supplements are food supplements. They are regulated by the Food Safety Authority of Ireland under the European Communities (Food Supplements) Regulations and EU food law, must be labelled with the words "food supplement", must carry a recommended daily dose and a warning not to exceed it, and must state that they are not a substitute for a varied diet.[11] They are not medicines. The Health Products Regulatory Authority regulates medicines separately, and the products discussed in this guide are not authorised as medicines.

One Irish requirement is easy to miss. A food supplement placed on the Irish market for the first time must be notified to the FSAI. Notification is a registration step, not an approval, authorisation or safety assessment of the product, and it does not permit any claim that would otherwise be unlawful.[11]

Whether a particular mushroom needs pre-market authorisation is guided by the EU Novel Food Status Catalogue, by species and by part. The catalogue is non-binding guidance maintained by the European Commission from Member State information; in Ireland the FSAI is the competent authority where a novel food status needs to be determined. The recorded position for the species in this guide is:[10]

Species Not novel (may be sold) Novel (needs authorisation)
Lion's mane, Hericium erinaceus Fruiting body, aqueous extract Dehydrated mycelium powder
Reishi, Ganoderma lucidum Fruiting body, aqueous extract Dehydrated mycelium powder
Cordyceps, C. sinensis Mycelium and fruiting body, in food supplements Cordyceps militaris (all forms)
Chaga, Inonotus obliquus Powder or extract, in food supplements Other food uses treated differently
Shiitake, Lentinula edodes Fruiting body (established food)
Turkey tail, Trametes versicolor All forms

Source: European Commission Novel Food Status Catalogue, checked 15 September 2026. Status is recorded by species, fungal part and preparation, and should be checked against the final product.

Irish VAT on food supplements is 13.5%. The reduced rate has applied to all food supplement products for human oral consumption since 1 January 2020, and Revenue's Tax and Duty Manual lists botanicals and other substances of the kind found in mushroom supplements as examples.[12] Food supplements for human oral consumption are therefore subject to Ireland's 13.5% reduced rate, not the 23% standard rate. The July 2026 reduction to 9% for catering and hairdressing did not change the rate for supplements. Source: Revenue Tax and Duty Manual, VAT treatment of food supplement products.

Product Details Verified

Product details on this page, including species, part used, extract weight per daily serving, extraction ratio, standardisation figures, capsule shell, capsule count, capsules per day and price (including Irish VAT at 13.5%), were verified by Probiotic.ie against current product labels and the live product listings on 15 September 2026. Product details should always be checked against the current label before use, as formulations and pricing may change.

Buying in Ireland

Probiotic.ie holds all ten mushroom supplements in stock in Dublin and dispatches by DPD on a tracked service, normally the next working day. Because the stock is already in Ireland there are no customs charges, import VAT or handling fees. Delivery is free on Irish orders over €75. Probiotic.ie is an authorised Irish retailer for Osavi and Life Extension. Lion's mane and reishi capsules are also stocked by pharmacies and health food shops across Ireland; the label rules above apply to every one of them.

Research Context — Not Product Claims

The clinical and mechanistic research discussed in this article relates to lion's mane, reishi, cordyceps, chaga and shiitake as studied species. It should not be read as a claim that any product in the Probiotic.ie mushroom range produces these effects. These products are food supplements, not medicines. No authorised EU health claim is currently made for any mushroom on this page or on any product.

Compare All 10 Mushroom Supplements — Probiotic.ie

Lion's mane, reishi, cordyceps, chaga and shiitake from Osavi, Life Extension, Doctor's Best, KIKI Health, Swanson and Wiseshrooms. Species, part used, extraction ratio, standardisation and daily serving stated for every product, side by side.

5 species 10 capsule products 9 vegan capsules From €15.95 Stock held in Dublin No customs charges
✓ Compare the Mushroom Range →

Prices include Irish VAT at 13.5%. Food supplements, not medicines. Tracked DPD delivery nationwide, free on Irish orders over €75. Looking for lion's mane only? See the lion's mane collection.

FAQ

Frequently asked questions

What are mushroom supplements and how are they different from eating mushrooms?

Mushroom supplements are capsules, powders or extracts made from a named fungal species such as Hericium erinaceus (lion's mane), Ganoderma lucidum (reishi), Cordyceps sinensis, Inonotus obliquus (chaga) or Lentinula edodes (shiitake). Most are dried and concentrated extracts, so a 600 mg capsule of a 30:1 extract is manufactured from around 18 g of dried mushroom, which is an extraction input ratio rather than a nutritional equivalence. Eating culinary mushrooms gives you the whole food at natural strength. In Ireland both are foods; supplements are regulated by the Food Safety Authority of Ireland and are not medicines.

Yes, for species and parts that are not classed as novel foods. In Ireland mushroom supplements are sold as food supplements under the Food Safety Authority of Ireland (FSAI), not as medicines. Under the EU Novel Food Status Catalogue, lion's mane and reishi fruiting body, Cordyceps sinensis, chaga and shiitake fruiting body are not novel in food supplements. Dehydrated lion's mane and reishi mycelium powder, Cordyceps militaris and Trametes versicolor (turkey tail) are listed as novel and need pre-market authorisation before sale in the EU. Irish VAT on food supplements is 13.5%.

What is the difference between fruiting body and mycelium in a mushroom supplement?

The fruiting body is the visible mushroom. Mycelium is the thread-like network the fungus grows from; many supplement mycelium products are grown on grain and sold as myceliated grain biomass, in which residual grain remains in the powder, while others use separately harvested mycelium. They are different raw materials, are not equivalent weight for weight, and can have a different EU novel food status: lion's mane and reishi fruiting body are not novel, while their dehydrated mycelium powders are listed as novel. Cordyceps is the exception, because wild Cordyceps sinensis is scarce and cultivated mycelium is the standard commercial source.

What does lion's mane do, according to human trials?

The human evidence is small. Mori et al. (Phytother Res, 2009, PMID 18844328) randomised 30 adults aged 50 to 80 with mild cognitive impairment to 3 g/day of dried lion's mane fruiting body or placebo for 16 weeks and reported higher cognitive function scale scores in the mushroom group, which declined within four weeks of stopping. Saitsu et al. (Biomed Res, 2019, PMID 31413233) reported improved MMSE scores after 12 weeks of fruiting body supplementation in older adults. Docherty et al. (Northumbria University, Nutrients, 2023, PMID 38004235) found 41 healthy adults aged 18 to 45 completed a Stroop task faster 60 minutes after a single 1.8 g dose (p=0.005) but found no clear cognitive change after 28 days. No EU health claim is authorised for lion's mane.

How much lion's mane should I take per day?

There is no official recommended intake and no EU Nutrient Reference Value for lion's mane. Published human trials used 1.8 g to 3 g per day of dried fruiting body powder (Docherty et al. 2023; Mori et al. 2009). Extract capsules are more concentrated, so their milligram figures are not comparable with powder doses: 600 mg of a 30:1 extract is made from about 18 g of dried mushroom, an input ratio rather than an equivalence. Follow the label of the product you buy, which in the Probiotic.ie range is between one and four capsules a day, and do not exceed the stated daily dose.

When is the best time of day to take lion's mane?

No human trial has compared morning with evening dosing, so there is no evidence-based best time. In the Mori et al. 2009 trial participants took tablets three times a day with meals, and Docherty et al. 2023 measured effects 60 minutes after a morning dose. Lion's mane contains no caffeine and is not a stimulant. Most labels advise taking it with a meal; the Osavi, KIKI Health, Wiseshrooms and Swanson products sold in Ireland all say with or after food.

How long does lion's mane take to work?

The published trials measured outcomes at different points. Docherty et al. 2023 reported a faster Stroop task result 60 minutes after a single dose in healthy young adults. Nagano et al. (Biomed Res, 2010, PMID 20834180) used a four-week period in 30 women and reported lower self-rated mood questionnaire scores. Saitsu et al. 2019 measured cognitive scores at 12 weeks and Mori et al. 2009 at 16 weeks. In the Mori trial the difference from placebo disappeared four weeks after supplementation stopped. Nothing in these trials establishes an effect in healthy adults from routine daily use.

Do mushroom supplements have side effects?

In the published human trials of lion's mane, cordyceps, reishi and shiitake, adverse events were mild and did not differ meaningfully from placebo, but the trials were small and short. Reported concerns include allergic reactions in people sensitive to mushrooms, a skin reaction (shiitake dermatitis) from raw or undercooked shiitake, and for chaga, published case reports of kidney injury from high oxalate intake after months of 10 to 15 g/day of raw chaga powder (Kwon et al., Medicine, 2022, PMID 35451393). Anyone pregnant, breastfeeding, on medication, with a kidney condition, or awaiting surgery should speak to a GP or pharmacist before taking a mushroom supplement.

Can I buy turkey tail mushroom supplements in Ireland?

Turkey tail (Trametes versicolor, also called Coriolus versicolor) is listed in the EU Novel Food Status Catalogue as a novel food. Novel foods require pre-market authorisation before they can be placed on the EU market, and no authorisation has been granted for turkey tail. The catalogue is non-binding guidance and some industry bodies dispute the entry, but it has not been changed, and in Ireland the FSAI is the competent authority. Probiotic.ie does not stock turkey tail because of this regulatory position. Products sold online from outside the EU are not covered by Irish food law and, since 1 July 2026, attract a €3 customs charge per distinct item on top of VAT.

Is mushroom coffee as good as a mushroom capsule?

It depends entirely on what the label declares. A capsule from a reputable brand states the species, the part used, the extract weight per serving, the extraction ratio and a standardisation figure such as beta-glucan content. Many mushroom coffee and gummy products state a species name but not the extract weight or ratio per serving, so the dose cannot be compared with a capsule or with the doses used in human trials. If a mushroom coffee does not state the mg of extract per cup, treat it as a flavoured coffee rather than a supplement.

Do mushroom supplements have any approved EU health claims?

No. No health claim has been authorised under Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 for lion's mane, reishi, cordyceps, chaga, shiitake, turkey tail or for fungal beta-glucans. The authorised beta-glucan claims in the EU apply only to beta-glucans from oats and barley at a stated minimum intake, and they do not transfer to mushroom beta-glucans. Terms such as functional mushroom, adaptogen and nootropic have no legal definition in EU food law. Any Irish product page making a specific health claim for a mushroom is making a claim that has not been authorised.

Where can I buy mushroom supplements in Ireland?

Probiotic.ie stocks ten mushroom supplements across five species in Dublin: four lion's mane products (Osavi, KIKI Health, Wiseshrooms and Swanson), two reishi (Osavi and Life Extension), two cordyceps (Osavi and Doctor's Best), and Osavi chaga and shiitake. Prices run from €15.95 to €49.95 including 13.5% Irish VAT. Orders are dispatched from Dublin by DPD on a tracked service, normally the next working day, with no customs charges and free delivery on Irish orders over €75. Pharmacies and health food shops in Ireland also stock lion's mane and reishi capsules.

Key Facts — Mushroom Supplements Ireland
  • Mushroom supplements are food supplements made from the fruiting body, mycelium or extract of a named fungal species, sold in Ireland under FSAI regulation, not as medicines.
  • "Functional mushroom", "adaptogen" and "nootropic" have no legal definition in EU food law. No health claim is authorised for any mushroom species or fungal beta-glucan under Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006.
  • The EU beta-glucan health claims apply to oat and barley beta-glucans only and do not apply to mushroom beta-glucans.
  • Lion's mane fruiting body improved cognitive test scores versus placebo in two small randomised trials in older adults: Mori et al. 2009 (n=30, 3 g/day, 16 weeks, PMID 18844328) and Saitsu et al. 2019 (12 weeks, PMID 31413233). The Mori effect faded within four weeks of stopping.
  • In healthy young adults, a single 1.8 g dose of lion's mane was associated with faster Stroop task performance at 60 minutes (p=0.005) but 28 days of daily use produced no clear cognitive change (Docherty et al., Nutrients, 2023, PMID 38004235).
  • Reishi at 3 g/day for 16 weeks had no effect on any measured outcome in 84 adults (Klupp et al., Sci Rep, 2016, PMC4980683).
  • Cordyceps Cs-4 at 999 mg/day for 12 weeks was associated with a 10.5% higher metabolic threshold in 20 older adults, with no change in VO2max (Chen et al., 2010, PMID 20804368). A cordyceps and reishi combination did not improve cognition in 96 young adults (Tsuk et al., 2017, PMID 29199566).
  • Chaga has no randomised human efficacy trials. Case reports link months of 10 to 15 g/day raw chaga powder to oxalate-related kidney injury (Kwon et al., Medicine, 2022, PMID 35451393).
  • Fruiting body and mycelium are different raw materials. In the EU Novel Food Status Catalogue, lion's mane and reishi fruiting body are not novel; their dehydrated mycelium powders are. Cordyceps sinensis is not novel in food supplements; Cordyceps militaris and turkey tail (Trametes versicolor) are recorded as novel and require authorisation before sale in the EU. The catalogue is non-binding guidance; the FSAI is Ireland's competent authority.
  • A front-of-pack "3000mg" is usually a dried-mushroom equivalent, not the extract weight. Compare extract weight per daily serving, extraction ratio (DER) and standardisation figures instead.
  • In Ireland, mushroom supplements carry 13.5% VAT (Revenue Tax and Duty Manual, reduced rate since 1 January 2020), not 23%.
  • Probiotic.ie stocks ten mushroom capsule products across lion's mane, reishi, cordyceps, chaga and shiitake, from €15.95 to €49.95, held in Dublin and dispatched by tracked DPD delivery with no customs charges.
Related guides

Lion's mane sits alongside several other compounds that Irish buyers research for focus and stress. The L-theanine evidence guide covers the amino acid most often paired with lion's mane in "focus" stacks, the rhodiola rosea guide covers the herb most often sold as an adaptogen, and the ashwagandha guide explains why that ingredient is under active EU safety review while mushrooms are not.

How We Reviewed This Guide

This guide was prepared by Probiotic.ie using the following process:

  • Reviewed the primary human trials for each species: Mori 2009, Saitsu 2019, Docherty 2023 and Nagano 2010 (lion's mane); Chen 2010 and Tsuk 2017 (cordyceps); Klupp 2016 (reishi); Dai 2015 (shiitake); and the Kwon 2022 chaga case report.
  • Separated preclinical mechanism (cell and animal data) from human trial evidence throughout, and labelled each evidence card by study type and size.
  • Verified every PMID and PMC identifier against PubMed or PubMed Central before publishing.
  • Checked the EU Novel Food Status Catalogue (non-binding guidance) on 15 September 2026 for the recorded position of each species and part, and FSAI food supplement rules for Irish labelling and notification requirements.
  • Verified species, part used, extract weight, extraction ratio, standardisation, capsule shell, capsule count and price for all ten products against current labels and live listings on 15 September 2026.
  • Made no disease-treatment claims and no EU health claims for any mushroom, and stated where the evidence is negative or absent.
DG
Darren Grant — Managing Director, Probiotic.ie

Darren Grant is the founder and Managing Director of Probiotic.ie, an Irish specialist retailer of probiotics and evidence-led food supplements, and the sole authorised Irish and UK distributor of CDS22-formula. He has over a decade of experience in supplement distribution and regulatory compliance under FSAI, HPRA and EU food law, and reviews every product listing against its label before it goes on sale.

This guide is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. The mushroom supplements sold by Probiotic.ie are food supplements regulated under FSAI guidelines and are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease or medical condition. Food supplements should not be used as a substitute for a varied, balanced diet and a healthy lifestyle. If you have persistent or worsening symptoms, consult a GP or relevant specialist. Probiotic.ie sells the products discussed here and is not a neutral party. Probiotic.ie is regulated under FSAI food supplement guidelines.

Sources

  1. [1] Mori K, Inatomi S, Ouchi K, Azumi Y, Tuchida T. Improving effects of the mushroom Yamabushitake (Hericium erinaceus) on mild cognitive impairment: a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Phytother Res. 2009;23(3):367-372. PMID 18844328. — pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18844328
  2. [2] Saitsu Y, Nishide A, Kikushima K, Shimizu K, Ohnuki K. Improvement of cognitive functions by oral intake of Hericium erinaceus. Biomed Res. 2019;40(4):125-131. PMID 31413233. — pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31413233
  3. [3] Docherty S, Doughty FL, Smith EF. The Acute and Chronic Effects of Lion's Mane Mushroom Supplementation on Cognitive Function, Stress and Mood in Young Adults: A Double-Blind, Parallel Groups, Pilot Study. Nutrients. 2023;15(22):4842. PMID 38004235. — pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38004235
  4. [4] Nagano M, Shimizu K, Kondo R, Hayashi C, Sato D, Kitagawa K, Ohnuki K. Reduction of depression and anxiety by 4 weeks Hericium erinaceus intake. Biomed Res. 2010;31(4):231-237. PMID 20834180. — pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20834180
  5. [5] Chen S, Li Z, Krochmal R, Abrazado M, Kim W, Cooper CB. Effect of Cs-4 (Cordyceps sinensis) on exercise performance in healthy older subjects: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Altern Complement Med. 2010;16(5):585-590. PMID 20804368. — pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20804368
  6. [6] Klupp NL, Kiat H, Bensoussan A, Steiner GZ, Chang DH. A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial of Ganoderma lucidum for the treatment of cardiovascular risk factors of metabolic syndrome. Sci Rep. 2016;6:29540. PMC4980683. — ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4980683
  7. [7] Tsuk S, Lev YH, Rotstein A, Carasso R, Zeev A, Netz Y, Dwolatski T, Steiner G. Clinical Effects of a Commercial Supplement of Ophiocordyceps sinensis and Ganoderma lucidum on Cognitive Function of Healthy Young Volunteers. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2017;19(8):667-673. PMID 29199566. — pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29199566
  8. [8] Dai X, Stanilka JM, Rowe CA, Esteves EA, Nieves C Jr, Spaiser SJ, Christman MC, Langkamp-Henken B, Percival SS. Consuming Lentinula edodes (Shiitake) Mushrooms Daily Improves Human Immunity: A Randomized Dietary Intervention in Healthy Young Adults. J Am Coll Nutr. 2015;34(6):478-487. PMID 25866155. — pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25866155
  9. [9] Kwon O, Kim Y, Paek JH, Park WY, Han S, Sin H, Jin K. Chaga mushroom-induced oxalate nephropathy that clinically manifested as nephrotic syndrome: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore). 2022;101(10):e28997. PMID 35451393. — pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35451393
  10. [10] European Commission. Novel Food Status Catalogue. — ec.europa.eu/food/food-feed-portal/screen/novel-food-catalogue/search
  11. [11] Food Safety Authority of Ireland. Food Supplements: legislation and guidance. — fsai.ie/legislation/food-legislation/food-supplements
  12. [12] Revenue Commissioners. Tax and Duty Manual: VAT treatment of food supplement products and certain other products (reviewed December 2024). — revenue.ie (PDF)